The U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control — better known as OFAC — is the agency that enforces U.S. economic and trade sanctions. In plain terms, OFAC enforcement is how the government investigates suspected sanctions violations and decides what happens next.

The U.S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) is responsible for enforcing the Export Administration Regulations (EAR) — the rules that control the export, reexport, and even in-country transfer of commercial items, “dual-use” technologies, and certain military-related products.

The IRS Whistleblower Program is one of the most powerful — and financially rewarding — tools in the U.S. enforcement system. Created to help expose serious tax fraud, evasion schemes, and large underpayments, the program allows individuals to report violations confidentially and earn up to 30% of the government’s recovery.

Since the Dodd–Frank Act of 2010, the SEC has fundamentally reshaped how securities fraud and corporate misconduct are detected and addressed. Through its Office of the Whistleblower (OWB), the Commission has recovered billions in penalties and awarded over $2 billion to individuals whose insider information helped uncover violations.