Since the Dodd–Frank Act of 2010, the SEC has fundamentally reshaped how securities fraud and corporate misconduct are detected and addressed. Through its Office of the Whistleblower (OWB), the Commission has recovered billions in penalties and awarded over $2 billion to individuals whose insider information helped uncover violations.

Sanctions administered by the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) are often described as punishment — a way for the United States to respond to misconduct abroad by blocking assets or restricting trade. But that description only captures part of the picture.

As international law enforcement becomes increasingly interconnected, INTERPOL — the International Criminal Police Organization — now plays a significant role in immigration and security screening worldwide. Its 195 member countries share millions of records each year, including Red Notices and Diffusions that alert governments to individuals wanted for arrest or questioning.

Anti-dumping duties are among the most powerful instruments in global trade regulation. They aim to level the playing field by offsetting the impact of goods sold at “unfairly low” prices, protecting domestic producers from economic harm.